Patient-Derived Xenograft Models

Gain enhanced treatment insights when you leverage patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and the patient tumor microenvironment.

Improve the clinical outcomes of your cancer therapy by preserving the genetic complexity and tissue heterogeneity of the tumor it is built to target. Make better decisions with trusted insights that ensure your cancer therapy’s early success guides authentic clinical solutions.

Validate novel cancer treatments in vivo against patient-derived cells

By directly implanting human tissue into immunocompromised mice, you preserve the tumor microenvironment, granting unparalleled access to your patient’s complex cellular network.

Better predict the clinical success of your novel cancer therapies by validating them in a PDX model that recapitulates the clinical target and ensures your most promising candidates progress and perform.

Advantages of choosing a PDX mouse model

  • Test in authentic tumor conditions: The presence of stromal cells and extracellular matrix components yields conditions that closely mimic the tumor microenvironment.
  • Conserve genetic architecture: PDX models maintain all the genetic and epigenetic changes in the patient’s tumor.
  • Get congruent responses: Response to a given treatment is more likely to recapitulate the response of the patient’s original tumor in a clinical setting when you work with a PDX model.

Rapid results from our efficient sample-to-data pipeline

Our experts have streamlined the process of developing and validating bespoke PDX mice models that provide high-quality data.

Your patient-derived tumor sample is directly implanted into an immunocompromised or humanized mouse for tissue proliferation, eliminating the in vitro cell culture steps that promote tissue homogeneity and establishing an accurate model of your patient’s native cellular conditions. After minimal rounds of subsequent implantation and proliferation, your PDX tumor model is ready to deliver the data needed to push your therapy to the next level, getting you from a patient sample to a PDX model in approximately two to four months.

Ready to enrich your cancer R&D with custom-integrated studies?

Contact us for more information on our additional and bespoke services including IVIS imaging, PK studies, and metabolic analyses.

  • We chose Melior Discovery because they were responsive and cost effective.  We are staying with them as a chosen scientific partner because of their thoughtful scientific input to experimental design and attention to detail.  Their expertise and flexibility allowed us to quickly adapt the study design and evaluate additional outcome measures to pursue unexpected activity.

    Sridharan Rajamani, Ph.D., Senior Research Scientist

    Gilead Sciences
  • I have been working with Melior on a number of projects over the course of a few years now.  They have been a great partner throughout this time.  The scientists whom I have worked with have been great problem-solvers and were customer focused.

    Jay Lichter

    Avalon Ventures
  • Melior provided State-of-the-art Preclinical Pharmacology Support for a period of nearly a year where a series of in vivo studies were completed on a weekly basis. The staff was extremely user-friendly and the operational processes were excellent. I can recommend Melior without reservation.

    Richard DiMarchi, PhD

    Cox Professor of Chemistry & Gill Chair in Biomolecular Sciences Indiana University, Department of Chemistry
  • Because Melior could do the orthotopic intracranial implants, we were able to do survival studies with brain tumor-bearing animals that were treated with our therapy, showing a beautiful survival with our agent versus control. Talk about something that gets your investors going! These beautiful survival curves with our agent versus control and visual photos are in all of our investor decks because… it's powerful.

    Bruce Ruggeri, Ph.D.

    Modifi Bio
  • Melior works in many therapeutic areas, like CNS, inflammatory disease, GI, cardiovascular, and oncology. I was very pleased that when it came to doing tumor studies, both subcutaneous and intracranial, they did them well. They reported on the studies on time and did the data analysis really well.

    Bruce Ruggeri, Ph.D.

    Modifi Bio
  • Their areas of expertise are extensive, and they are very experienced, responsive, and flexible in terms of how the study is run. Their pricing is reasonable, making them the best option for a young, not well-funded company like ours.

    Maxine Gowen

    Tamuro Bio
  • Melior’s team was very experienced and knowledgeable. They were always very open to suggestions and questions, spending a lot of time helping us feel comfortable with the study design. I would give them very high marks.

    Maxine Gowen

    Tamuro Bio
  • The most important factors in choosing to work with Melior were the fit between the tests they could run and our needs, as well as their tight budget and proximity. Melior was the best fit for our research goals.

    Ira Spector

    SFA Therapeutics

Patient-derived xenograft models: Tumors directly from the patient to the mouse. PDX models enable patient tumor tissue to be implanted directly into immunocompromised or humanized mice for access to the preserved patient tumor microenvironment and enhanced clinical insights.

Chemotherapy validation in human colon cancer PDX 121-R subcutaneous model. This tumor was excised from a colon adenocarcinoma of a 62-year-old white male in 2017 (P0). The tumor grade /stage was designated as: pT3 pN1b Mx. The tumor tissue was subsequently passaged 3x over approximately 3 months in NSG mice (P3). For this study the mice were subcutaneously implanted with a small piece of P3 121-R tumor with Matrigel into the rear flank of NSG mice with 11G trocar.

Once the tumor size reached ~150mm3 (Day 7), the mice were randomized into vehicle control group (treated with normal saline) and paclitaxel group (20 mg/kg, IP twice/week). Tumor volume was monitored twice per week using calipers (A). At the end of the study (Day 45), animals were sacrificed, and tumors were excised and weighed (B, C). Data are mean ± SEM; n=6 /group; ** p<0.01 by Student’s t-test.

Did you know you can assess immunotherapies with PDX models?

Deciding to test your cancer therapy with a PDX mouse model doesn’t have to mean working in immunodeficient mice. We offer bespoke humanized PDX models where your patient tumor samples are implanted in mice that have been engrafted with human immune system components, enabling the study of important tumor-immune system interactions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are PDX models right for my cancer R&D?

PDX models are excellent for accurately predicting clinical success for targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies or combination therapies. But for a cost-effective alternative solution, cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) models have good reproducibility and are fast-growing making them ideal for high-throughput screening. You can pair your xenograft with a complementary syngeneic tumor model to quickly sample the treatment response of your most promising immunotherapies within an intact immune system. Choosing the model best suited to your R&D needs is a critical first step for validating novel cancer therapies.

What is the difference between PDX models and CDX models?

PDX (patient-derived xenograft) models use real patient tissue, preserving the tumor’s complexity and offering accurate clinical insights to guide novel cancer therapy R&D. Whereas CDX (cell line-derived xenograft) models use established cancer cell lines, providing consistency and efficiency for high-throughput drug screening.

What are the advantages of working with PDX models?

PDX mouse models offer high clinical relevance by maintaining the heterogeneity of human tumors, providing R&D scientists with access to models that closely mimic the tumor microenvironment and therefore, produce more accurate insights. Our PDX models are also offered in humanized mice, allowing immune system interaction research to be carried out early in your development pipeline.

How do you make a patient-derived xenograft model?

A PDX mouse model starts with tumor tissue that has been surgically obtained from a cancer patient. This tissue is directly implanted into an immunodeficient mouse, usually subcutaneously. As the human tumor tissue grows and develops, it can be transplanted into other immunodeficient or humanized mice for further expansion and study. This process preserves the histological and genetic characteristics of the patient’s tumor, enabling accurate insights into your cancer treatment’s efficacy.